RuCl3·3H2O Catalyzed Reactions Facile Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes under Mild Conditions 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2011, 16, 3855-3868; doi:10.3390/moleculeOPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Article RuCl3·3H2O Catalyzed Reactions: Facile Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes under Mild Conditions Hong-En Qu, Chen Xiao, Ning Wang, Kai-Hui Yu, Qiao-Sheng Hu * and Liang-Xian Liu * Department of Chemistry and Biology, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; E-Mails: quhongen-2003@163.com (H.-E.Q.); xiaocen1219@163.com (C.X.); wangning198415@126.com (N.W.); ykh506@163.com (K.-H.Y.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: lxliu@ (L.-X.L.); huqiaosheng@ (Q.-S.H.); Tel.: +86-797-839-7630; Fax: +86-797-839-3670. Received: 23 March 2011; in revised form: 20 April 2011 / Accepted: 25 April 2011 / Published: 9 May 2011 Abstract: RuCl3·3H2O was found to be an effective catalyst for reactions of indoles, 2-methylthiophene, and 2-methylfuran with aldehydes to afford the corresponding bis(indolyl)methanes, bis(thienyl)methanes, and bis(fur-2-yl)methanes in moderate to excellent yields. Experimental results indicated that mono(indolyl)methanol is not the reaction intermediate under these reaction conditions. Keywords: bis(indolyl)methane; RuCl3·3H2O; aldehyde; indole 1. Introduction Indoles and their derivatives are known to possess various pharmacological and biological properties, including antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidative, and insecticidal activities [1,2]. Furthermore, bis(indolyl)alkanes and their derivatives constitute an important group of bioactive metabolites of terrestrial and marine origin [3-8]. During the past decade a large number of natural products containing bis(indolyl)methanes [9] and bis(indolyl)ethanes [10] have been isolated from marine sources. Consequently, a number of synthetic methods for the preparation of bis(indolyl)alkane derivatives by reacting indoles with various alde