Ruminant Brucellosis in the Kafr El Sheikh Governorate of the Nile Delta, Egypt Prevalence of a Neglected Zoonosis 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Ruminant Brucellosis in the Kafr El Sheikh Governorate of the Nile Delta, Egypt Prevalence of a Neglected Zoonosis 英文参考文献.doc

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Ruminant Brucellosis in the Kafr El Sheikh Governorate of the Nile Delta, Egypt Prevalence of a Neglected Zoonosis 英文参考文献

RuminantBrucellosisintheKafrElSheikhGovernorate oftheNileDelta,Egypt:PrevalenceofaNeglected Zoonosis YamenM.Hegazy1,2*,AmgadMoawad3,SalamaOsman2,AnneRidler1,JavierGuitian1 1DepartmentofVeterinaryClinicalSciences,RoyalVeterinaryCollege,London,UnitedKingdom,2DepartmentofAnimalMedicine,FacultyofVeterinaryMedicine,KafrEl Sheikh,Egypt,3DepartmentofMicrobiology,FacultyofVeterinaryMedicine,KafrElSheikh,Egypt Abstract Background: Brucellosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis allegedly reemerging in Middle Eastern countries. Infected ruminantsaretheprimarysourceofhumaninfection;consequently,estimatesofthefrequencyofruminantbrucellosisare useful elements for building effective control strategies. Unfortunately, these estimates are lacking in most Middle East countriesincludingEgypt.Ourobjectivesaretoestimatethefrequencyofruminantbrucellosisandtodescribeitsspatial distributioninKafrElSheikhGovernorate,NileDelta,Egypt. Methodology/Principal Findings: We conducted a cross-sectional study in which 791 sheep, 383 goats, 188 cattle milk tanksand173buffalomilktankswererandomlyselectedin40villagesandtestedforthepresenceofantibodiesagainst Brucellaspp.Theseroprevalenceamongdifferentspecieswasestimatedandvisualizedusingchoroplethmaps.Aspatial scanningmethodwasusedtoidentifyareaswithsignificantlyhigherproportionsofseropositiveflocksandmilktanks.We estimatedthat12.2%ofsheepand11.3%ofgoatsinthestudyareawereseropositiveagainstBrucellaspp.andthat12.2% and12%ofcattleandbuffalomilktankshadantibodiesagainstBrucellaspp.Thesouthernpartofthegovernoratehadthe highestseroprevalencewithsignificantspatialclusteringofseropositiveflocksintheproximityofitscapitalandaroundthe mainanimalmarkets. Conclusions/Significance:Ourstudyrevealedthatbrucellosisisendemicathighlevelsinallruminantspeciesinthestudy area and questions the efficacy of the control measures in place. The high intensity of infection transmission among ruminants combinedwithhighlivestock andhumandensity andwidespread marketingofunpasteurize