Seasonal Rainfall and Runoff Promote Coral Disease on an Inshore Reef 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Seasonal Rainfall and Runoff Promote Coral Disease on an Inshore Reef 英文参考文献.doc

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SeasonalRainfallandRunoffPromoteCoralDiseaseon anInshoreReef JessicaHaapkyla¨1,2*,RichardK.F.Unsworth3,MikeFlavell1,DavidG.Bourne2,BrittaSchaffelke2,BetteL. Willis1 1ARCCentreofExcellenceforCoralReefStudies,SchoolofMarineandTropicalBiology,JamesCookUniversity,Townsville,Australia, 2AustralianInstituteofMarine Science,Townsville,Australia,3BiologicalSciencesResearchUnit,UniversityofGlamorgan,Pontypridd,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background: Decliningwaterqualitycoupledwiththeeffectsofclimatechangearerapidlyincreasingcoraldiseaseson reefsworldwide,althoughlinksbetweencoraldiseasesandenvironmentalparametersremainpoorlyunderstood.Thisis thefirststudytodocumentacorrelationbetweencoraldiseaseandwaterqualityonaninshorereef. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Thetemporaldynamicsofthecoraldiseaseatramentousnecrosis(AN)wasinvestigated over two years within inshore populations of Montipora aequituberculata in the central Great Barrier Reef, in relation to rainfall,salinity,temperature,watercolumnchlorophylla,suspendedsolids,sedimentation,dissolvedorganiccarbon,and particulatenitrogen,phosphorusandorganiccarbon.Overall,meanANprevalencewas10-foldgreaterduringsummerwet seasonsthanwinterdryseasons.A2.5-foldgreatermeandiseaseabundancewasdetectedduringthesummerof2009(44 6SE6.7diseasedcoloniesper25m2),whenrainfallwas1.6-foldgreaterthaninthesummerof2008.Twowaterquality parameters explained 67% of the variance in monthly disease prevalence in a Partial Least Squares regression analysis; disease abundance was negatively correlated with salinity (R2=20.6) but positively correlated with water column particulate organic carbon concentration (R2=0.32). Seasonal temperature patterns were also positively correlated with diseaseabundance,butexplainedonlyasmallportionofthevariance. Conclusions/Significance:Theresultssuggestthatrainfallandassociatedrunoffmayfacilitateseasonaldiseaseoutbreaks, potentiallybyreducinghostfitnessorbyincreasingpathogenvirulenceduetohigheravailabilityofnutrientsando