Selection-Driven Gene Loss in Bacteria 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Selection-Driven Gene Loss in Bacteria 英文参考文献.doc

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Selection-Driven Gene Loss in Bacteria 英文参考文献

Selection-DrivenGeneLossinBacteria SannaKoskiniemi1,SongSun1,OttoG.Berg2,DanI.Andersson1* 1DepartmentofMedicalBiochemistryandMicrobiology,UppsalaUniversity,Uppsala,Sweden,2DepartmentofCellandMolecularBiology,UppsalaUniversity,Uppsala, Sweden Abstract Genelossbydeletionisacommonevolutionaryprocessinbacteria,asexemplifiedbybacteriawithsmallgenomesthat haveevolvedfrombacteriawithlargergenomesbyreductiveprocesses.Thedrivingforce(s)forgenomereductionremains unclear,andhereweexaminedthehypothesisthatgenelossisselectedbecausecarriageofsuperfluousgenesconfersa fitnesscosttothebacterium.InthebacteriumSalmonellaenterica,wemeasureddeletionratesat11chromosomalpositions andthefitnesseffectsofseveralspontaneousdeletions.Deletionratesvariedover200-foldbetweendifferentregionswith the replication terminus region showing the highest rates. Approximately 25% of the examined deletions caused an increaseinfitnessunderoneorseveralgrowthconditions,andafterserialpassageofwild-typebacteriainrichmediumfor 1,000generationsweobservedfixationofdeletionsthatsubstantiallyincreasedbacterialfitnesswhenreconstructedina non-evolvedbacterium.Theseresultssuggestthatselectioncouldbeasignificantdriverofgenelossandreductivegenome evolution. Citation: Koskiniemi S, Sun S, Berg OG, Andersson DI (2012) Selection-Driven Gene Loss in Bacteria. PLoS Genet 8(6): e1002787. doi:10.1371/ journal.pgen.1002787 Editor:JosepCasadesu′s,UniversidaddeSevilla,Spain ReceivedMarch30,2012;AcceptedMay13,2012;PublishedJune28,2012 Copyright: ?2012 Koskiniemi et al. Thisis anopen-access article distributed under the terms ofthe Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:ThisworkwasfundedbytheSwedishResearchCouncil.Thefundershadnoroleinstudydesign,datacollectionandanalysis,decisiontopublish,or preparationofthemanuscript. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:Dan.And