Selective Attention Increases Both Gain and Feature Selectivity of the Human Auditory Cortex 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Selective Attention Increases Both Gain and Feature Selectivity of the Human Auditory Cortex 英文参考文献.doc

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Selective Attention Increases Both Gain and Feature Selectivity of the Human Auditory Cortex 英文参考文献

SelectiveAttentionIncreasesBothGainandFeature SelectivityoftheHumanAuditoryCortex JaakkoKaurama¨ki*,IiroP.Ja¨a¨skela¨inen,MikkoSams LaboratoryofComputationalEngineering,HelsinkiUniversityofTechnology,Espoo,Finland Background.Anexperiencedcarmechaniccanoftendeducewhat’swrongwithacarbycarefullylisteningtothesoundofthe ailing engine, despite the presence of multiple sources of noise. Indeed, the ability to select task-relevant sounds for awareness,whilstignoringirrelevantones,constitutesoneofthemostfundamentalofhumanfaculties,buttheunderlying neural mechanisms have remained elusive. While most of the literature explains the neural basis of selective attention by means of an increase in neural gain, a number of papers propose enhancement in neural selectivity as an alternative or acomplementarymechanism.Methodology/PrincipalFindings.Here,toaddressthequestionwhetherpuregainincrease alonecanexplainauditoryselectiveattentioninhumans,wequantifiedtheauditorycortexfrequencyselectivityin20healthy subjects by masking 1000-Hz tones by continuous noise masker with parametrically varying frequency notches around the tone frequency (i.e., a notched-noise masker). The task of the subjects was, in different conditions, to selectively attend to either occasionally occurringslight increments intone frequency (1020Hz),tones ofslightly longerduration, orignore the sounds.Inlinewithpreviousstudies,intheignorecondition,theglobalfieldpower(GFP)ofevent-relatedbrainresponsesat 100msfromthestimulusonsettothe1000-Hztoneswassuppressedasafunctionofthenarrowingofthenotchwidth.During theselectiveattentionconditions,thesuppressanteffectofthenoisenotchwidthonGFPwasdecreased,butasafunction significantly different from a multiplicative one expected on the basis of simple gain model of selective attention. Conclusions/Significance. Our results suggest thatauditory selective attention in humanscannot be explained by a gain model, where only the neural activity level is increased, but rather that select