Serological Markers of Sand Fly Exposure to Evaluate Insecticidal Nets against Visceral Leishmaniasis in India and Nepal A Cluster-Randomized Trial 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Serological Markers of Sand Fly Exposure to Evaluate Insecticidal Nets against Visceral Leishmaniasis in India and Nepal A Cluster-Randomized Trial 英文参考文献.doc

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Serological Markers of Sand Fly Exposure to Evaluate Insecticidal Nets against Visceral Leishmaniasis in India and Nepal A Cluster-Randomized Trial 英文参考文献

SerologicalMarkersofSandFlyExposuretoEvaluate InsecticidalNetsagainstVisceralLeishmaniasisinIndia andNepal:ACluster-RandomizedTrial KamleshGidwani1,AlbertPicado2,3,SumanRijal4,ShriPrakashSingh1,LalitaRoy4,VeraVolfova5, ElisabethWrefordAndersen2,6,SurendraUranw4,BartOstyn3,MedhaviSudarshan1,JayaChakravarty1, PetrVolf5,ShyamSundar1,MarleenBoelaert3,MatthewEdwardRogers2* 1Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, 2London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 3Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium,4BPKoiralaInstituteofHealthSciences,Dharan,Nepal,5CharlesUniversity,Prague,CzechRepublic,6UniversityofCopenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark Abstract Background:Visceralleishmaniasisistheworld’secondlargestvector-borneparasitickillerandaneglectedtropicaldisease, prevalentinpoorcommunities.Long-lastinginsecticidalnets(LNs)arealowcostprovenvectorinterventionmethodfor malariacontrol;however,theireffectivenessagainstvisceralleishmaniasis(VL)isunknown.Thisstudyquantifiedtheeffect ofLNsonexposuretothesandflyvectorofVLinIndiaandNepalduringatwoyearcommunityinterventiontrial. Methods:Aspartofapaired-clusterrandomizedcontrolledclinicaltrialinVL-endemicregionsofIndiaandNepalwetested theeffectofLNsonsandflybitingbymeasuringtheantibodyresponseofsubjectstothesalivaofLeishmaniadonovani vector Phlebotomus argentipes and the sympatric (non-vector) Phlebotomus papatasi. Fifteen to 20 individuals above 15 years of age from 26 VL endemic clusters were asked to provide a blood sample at baseline, 12 and 24 months post- intervention. Results:Atotalof305individualswereincludedinthestudy,68participantsprovidedtwobloodsamplesand237gave threesamples.Arandomeffectlinearregressionmodelshowedthatcluster-widedistributionofLNsreducedexposuretoP. argentipesby12%at12months(effect0.88;95%CI0.83–0.94)and9%at24months(effect0.91;95%CI0.80–1.02)inthe interventiongroupcomparedtocontroladjustingforbaselinevaluesandpair.SimilarresultswereobtainedforP.papatasi. Conclusions:Thistrialprov