Statistical power for detecting epistasis QTL effects under the F-2 design 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Statistical power for detecting epistasis QTL effects under the F-2 design 英文参考文献.doc

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Statistical power for detecting epistasis QTL effects under the F-2 design 英文参考文献

Genet.Sel.Evol.37(2005)129–150 c INRA,EDPSciences,2005 DOI:10.1051/gse:2004041 129 Originalarticle StatisticalpowerfordetectingepistasisQTL e?ectsundertheF-2design YongcaiMao,YangDa? DepartmentofAnimalScience,UniversityofMinnesota,SaintPaul,MN55108,USA (Received16April2004;accepted9September2004) Abstract–Epistasisreferstogeneinteractione?ectinvolvingtwoormoregenes.Statistical methodsformappingquantitativetraitloci(QTL)withepistasise?ectshavebecomeavailable recently.However,littleisknownaboutthestatisticalpowerandsamplesizerequirementsfor mappingepistaticQTLusinggeneticmarkers.Inthisstudy,wedevelopedanalyticalformulaeto calculatethestatisticalpowerandsamplerequirementfordetectingeachepistasise?ectunder theF-2designbasedoncrossinginbredlines.AssumingtwounlinkedinteractiveQTLandthe sameabsolutevalueforallepistasise?ects,theheritabilityofadditive×additive(a×a)e?ectis twiceaslargeasthatofadditive×dominance(a×d)ordominance×additive(d×a)e?ect,and isfourtimesaslargeasthatofdominance×dominance(d×d)e?ect.Consequently,amongthe fourtypesofepistasise?ectsinvolvingtwoloci,‘a×a’e?ectistheeasiesttodetectwhereas ‘d×d’e?ectisthemostdi?culttodetect.Thestatisticalpowerfordetecting‘a×a’e?ectis similartothatfordetectingdominancee?ectofasingleQTL.Thesamplesizerequirements fordetecting‘a×d’,‘d×a’and‘d×d’arehighlysensitivetoincreaseddistancebetween the markers and theinteracting QTLs.Therefore, using dense marker coverage iscritical to detectingthosee?ects. epistasis/QTL/statisticalpower/samplesize/F-2 1. INTRODUCTION Epistasis refers to gene interaction e?ect involving two or more genes. Evidence fromstudies inseveralspecies, including cattle[18,21],dogs[1], rat[23],drosophila[8]andhumans[10,20],indicatesthatepistasiscanplaya signi?cantroleinbothquantitativeandqualitativecharacters.Epistasise?ects of quantitative trait loci (QTL)have been found insoybean [17], maize [9] andtomato[11].Amongthemanymodelstostudyepistasise?ects,thelinear partitionofgenotypicvaluesintoadditive,dominance,and