Statistics review 7 Correlation and regression 英文参考文献.docVIP

Available online /content/7/6/451 Review Statistics review 7: Correlation and regression Viv Bewick1, Liz Cheek1 and Jonathan Ball2 1Senior Lecturer, School of Computing, Mathematical and Information Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK 2Lecturer in Intensive Care Medicine, St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK Correspondence: Viv Bewick, v.bewick@brighton.ac.uk Published online: 5 November 2003 Critical Care 2003, 7:451-459 (DOI 10.1186/cc2401) This article is online at /content/7/6/451 ? 2003 BioMed Central Ltd (Print ISSN 1364-8535; Online ISSN 1466-609X) Abstract The present review introduces methods of analyzing the relationship between two quantitative variables. The calculation and interpretation of the sample product moment correlation coefficient and the linear regression equation are discussed and illustrated. Common misuses of the techniques are considered. Tests and confidence intervals for the population parameters are described, and failures of the underlying assumptions are highlighted. Keywords coefficient of determination, correlation coefficient, least squares regression line Introduction culate the correlation coefficient. In algebraic notation, if we The most commonly used techniques for investigating the rela- tionship between two quantitative variables are correlation and linear regression. Correlation quantifies the strength of the linear relationship between a pair of variables, whereas regres- sion expresses the relationship in the form of an equation. For example, in patients attending an accident and emergency unit (AE), we could use correlation and regression to determine whether there is a relationship between age and urea level, and whether the level of urea can be predicted for a given age. have two variables x and y, and the data take the form of n pairs (i.e. [x1, y1], [x2, y2], [x3, y3] … [xn, yn]), then the correla- tion coefficient is given by the