Tracking dynamics of plant biomass composting by changes in substrate structure, microbial community, and enzyme activity 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Tracking dynamics of plant biomass composting by changes in substrate structure, microbial community, and enzyme activity 英文参考文献.doc

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Tracking dynamics of plant biomass composting by changes in substrate structure, microbial community, and enzyme activity 英文参考文献

Weietal.BiotechnologyforBiofuels2012,5:20 /content/5/1/20 RESEARCH OpenAccess Trackingdynamicsofplantbiomasscomposting bychangesinsubstratestructure,microbial community,andenzymeactivity HuiWei1*,MelvinPTucker2,JohnOBaker1,MichelleHarris1,YonghuaLuo1,QiXu1,MichaelEHimmel1and Shi-YouDing1* Abstract Background:Understandingthedynamicsofthemicrobialcommunitiesthat,alongwiththeirsecretedenzymes, areinvolvedinthenaturalprocessofbiomasscompostingmayholdthekeytobreakingthemajorbottleneckin biomass-to-biofuelsconversiontechnology,whichisthestill-costlydeconstructionofpolymericbiomass carbohydratestofermentablesugars. However,thecomplexityofboththestructureofplantbiomassanditscounterpartmicrobialdegradation communitiesmakesitdifficulttoinvestigatethecompostingprocess. Results:Inthisstudy,acomposterwassetupwithamixofyellowpoplar(Liriodendrontulipifera)wood-chipsand mownlawngrassclippings(85:15indry-weight)andusedasamodelsystem.ThemicrobialrDNAabundance dataobtainedfromanalyzingweekly-withdrawncompostedsamplessuggestedpopulation-shiftsfrombacteria- dominatedtofungus-dominatedcommunities.Furtheranalysesbyanarrayofopticalmicroscopic,transcriptional andenzyme-activitytechniquesyieldedcorrelatedresults,suggestingthatsuchpopulationshiftsoccurredalong withearlyremovalofhemicellulosefollowedbyattackontheconsequentlyuncoveredcelluloseasthe compostingprogressed. Conclusion:Theobservedshiftsindominancebyrepresentativemicrobialgroups,alongwiththeobserved differentpatternsinthegeneexpressionandenzymaticactivitiesbetweencellulases,hemicellulases,andligninases duringthecompostingprocess,providenewperspectivesforbiomass-derivedbiotechnologysuchasconsolidated bioprocessing(CBP)andsolid-statefermentationfortheproductionofcellulolyticenzymesandbiofuels. Keywords:Compost,Plantbiomass,Yellowpoplar,Microbialcommunity,MicrobialrDNAabundance,Geneexpres- sion,Enzymaticactivity,Cellulase,Hemicellulose,Ligninase,Consolidatedbioprocessing(CBP),Solid-statefermenta- tion,Biofuels Background biomass conv