Translation and equivalence assessment for a Japanese version of the modified Parental Nurturance Scale a comparative study 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Translation and equivalence assessment for a Japanese version of the modified Parental Nurturance Scale a comparative study 英文参考文献.doc

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Translation and equivalence assessment for a Japanese version of the modified Parental Nurturance Scale a comparative study 英文参考文献

BioPsychoSocial Medicine BioMedCentral Research Open Access Translation and equivalence assessment for a Japanese version of the modified Parental Nurturance Scale: a comparative study Chizu Mimura and Peter Griffiths* Address: Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kings College London, Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8WA, UK Email: Chizu Mimura - mimura@; Peter Griffiths* - peter.griffiths@kcl.ac.uk * Corresponding author Published: 22 January 2007 Received: 6 November 2006 Accepted: 22 January 2007 BioPsychoSocial Medicine 2007, 1:4 doi:10.1186/1751-0759-1-4 This article is available from: /content/1/1/4 ? 2007 Mimura and Griffiths; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: This paper reports on the modification of the Parental Nurturance Scale (PNS), translation of the modified version (PNSM) from English to Japanese, and equivalence assessment between the PNSM and the translated version (PNSM-J). The PNS was modified so as to enable its use in nurturance studies where the prime source of nurturance might vary between respondents. Method: It was translated into Japanese through the forward-backward translation procedure. With attempting to enhance representativeness of language in the target populations, translators used were married couples that consisted of a native English speaker and a native Japanese speaker. Multiple translations were produced and used to make a single Japanese version. A panel of reviewers identified problems in conceptual and semantic equivalence between the original and the translated versions. The Japanese version was altered accordingly with reference to alternate Japanese forms from the original English to Japanese translations. The alter