Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater with Constructed Wetlands 英文参考文献.docVIP

Water 2012, 4, 260-271; doi:10.3390/w4010260 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 /journal/water Article Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater with Constructed Wetlands Iosif E. Kapellakis 1,2,*, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis 3, Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis 4 and Andreas N. Angelakis 1 1 Institute of Iraklio, National Agricultural Research Foundation, P.O. Box 2229, Iraklio 71307, Greece; E-Mail: info@a-angelakis.gr 2 Kapellakis Technical and Real Estate Firm, Venerato Palianis, 70011, Greece 3 Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania 73132, Greece; E-Mail: niko.paranychianakis@enveng.tuc.gr 4 Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 67100, Greece; E-Mail: kandila@her.forthnet.gr * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: kapellakis@teemail.gr; Tel.: +30-281-079-1948; Fax: +30-281-500-3399. Received: 6 February 2012 / Accepted: 17 February 2012 / Published: 12 March 2012 Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the application of constructed wetlands as a mean to manage olive mill wastewater (OMW). Two free water surface (FWS) constructed wetlands, one without (CW1) and one with effluent recirculation (CW2), were operated for a two-year period with diluted OMW (1:10) and evaluated in terms of the removal of COD, TSS, TKN, NH4+-N, NO3?-N, TP and total phenols. The organic loading rate of CWs was adjusted to 925 kg BOD/ha·d. In CW1 the removal efficiency averaged 80%, 83%, 78%, 80%, and 74% for COD, TSS, TKN, TP, and total phenols, respectively, during the operation period. Effluent recirculation further improved the treatment efficiency which approached 90%, 98%, 87%, 85%, and 87% for COD, TSS, TKN, TP, and total phenols, respectively. Constructed wetlands also showed high removal efficiency for NH4+-N. Nitrate concentration maintained low in both CWs basins, probably due to the prevalence