Unanticipated population structure of European grayling in its northern distribution implications for conservation prioritization 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Unanticipated population structure of European grayling in its northern distribution implications for conservation prioritization 英文参考文献.doc

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Unanticipated population structure of European grayling in its northern distribution implications for conservation prioritization 英文参考文献

Frontiers in Zoology BioMedCentral Research Open Access Unanticipated population structure of European grayling in its northern distribution: implications for conservation prioritization Akarapong Swatdipong*1, Anti Vasem?gi1, Mikko T Koskinen2, Jorma Piironen3 and Craig R Primmer1 Address: 1Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, 2Finnzymes Diagnostics, Espoo, Finland and 3Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Joensuu, Finland Email: Akarapong Swatdipong* - akarapong.swatdipong@utu.fi; Anti Vasem?gi - anti.vasemagi@utu.fi; Mikko T Koskinen - mikko.koskinen@finnzymes.fi; Jorma Piironen - jorma.piironen@rktl.fi; Craig R Primmer - craig.primmer@utu.fi * Corresponding author Published: 30 March 2009 Received: 24 October 2008 Accepted: 30 March 2009 Frontiers in Zoology 2009, 6:6 doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-6 This article is available from: /content/6/1/6 ? 2009 Swatdipong et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) is a salmonid fish native to Europe, with a distribution ranging from England and France to the Ural Mountains of north-western Russia. The majority of grayling populations inhabit freshwater rivers and lakes but some populations also occupy brackish water in northern parts of the Baltic Sea. Previous population genetic studies have demonstrated that grayling populations in Finland, Estonia and Russia belong to a single mitochondrial lineage and exhibit high levels of differentiation even at a small geographic scale. As a result, we predicted that grayling populations should not cluster regionally. Despite the extensive amount of genetic research that has been carried out on grayl