Variational Models of Network Formation and Ion Transport Applications to Perfluorosulfonate Ionomer Membranes 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Variational Models of Network Formation and Ion Transport Applications to Perfluorosulfonate Ionomer Membranes 英文参考文献.doc

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Variational Models of Network Formation and Ion Transport Applications to Perfluorosulfonate Ionomer Membranes 英文参考文献

Polymers2012,4,630-655;doi:10.3390/polym4010630 OPENACCESS polymers ISSN2073-4360 /journal/polymers Article VariationalModelsofNetworkFormationandIonTransport: ApplicationstoPer?uorosulfonateIonomerMembranes NirGavish 1 1 2 1 1, ,JaylanJones ,ZhengfuXu ,AndrewChristlieb andKeithPromislow * 1 DepartmentofMathematics,MichiganStateUniversity,EastLansing,MI48824,USA; E-Mails:gavish@(N.G.);jones137@(J.J.);christieb@(A.C.) DepartmentofMathematics,MichiganTechnologicalUniversity,Houghton,MI49931,USA; E-Mail:zhengfux@ 2 *Authortowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed;E-Mail:kpromisl@; Tel.:+1-517-432-7135;Fax:+1-517-432-1562. Received:31December2011;inrevisedform:13February2012/Accepted:15February2012/ Published:24February2012 Abstract: We present the functionalized Cahn-Hilliard (FCH) energy, a continuum characterizationofinterfacialenergywhoseminimizersdescribethenetworkmorphology of solvated functionalized polymer membranes. With a small set of parameters the FCH characterizesbilayer,pore-like,andmicellenetworkstructures. Thegradient?owsderived from the FCH describe the interactions between these structures, including the merging andpinch-offofendcapsandformationofjunctionscentraltothegenerationofnetwork morphologies. We couple the FCH gradient ?ow to a model of ionic transport which incorporates entropic effects to localize counter-ions, yielding a ?ow which dissipates a totalfreeenergy,andanexpressionfortheexcesselectrochemicalpotentialwhichcombines electrostatic and entropic effects. We present applications to network bifurcation and membranecasting. Keywords: ionomer membrane; functionalized cahn-hilliard; network morphology; ionictransport Polymers2012,4 631 1.Introduction Acentralgoalofpolymerchemistryisthedesignofmaterialswithnovelmacroscopicproperties bycontrollingthespontaneousgenerationofnanoscaled, phaseseparatednetworks[1,2]. Aprimary mechanismtogeneratesuchnetworksisthroughthe“functiona