Fabrication of a Multi-Walled Nanotube (MWNT) Ionic Liquid Electrode and Its Application for Sensing Phenolics in Red Wines.docVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 6701-6714; doi:10.3390/OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Fabrication of a Multi-Walled Nanotube (MWNT) Ionic Liquid Electrode and Its Application for Sensing Phenolics in Red Wines Kyo-Il Kim, Hee-Young Kang, Jae-Chan Lee and Seong-Ho Choi * Department of Chemistry, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea; E-Mails: sinjangkki@ (K.K); dartpip@ (H.K); jclee@hnu.kr (J.L) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: shchoi@hnu.kr; Tel.: +82-42-629-8824; Fax: +82-42-629-8811. Received: 16 June 2009; in revised form: 14 July 2009 / Accepted: 18 August 2009 / Published: 26 August 2009 Abstract: A multi-walled nanotube (MWNT) ionic liquid was prepared by the immobilization of 1-butylimidazole bromide onto an epoxy group on a poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-grafted MWNT, which was synthesized by radiation-induced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate onto MWNT in an aqueous solution. Subsequently, a MWNT ionic liquid electrode was fabricated by hand-casting MWNT ionic liquid, tyrosinase, and chitosan solution as a binder on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. The sensing ranges of the MWNT ionic liquid electrode with immobilized tyrosinase was in the range of 0.01-0.08 mM in a phosphate buffer solution. The optimal conditions such as pH, temperature, and effects of different phenolic compounds were determined. The total phenolic compounds of three commercial red wines were also determined on the tyrosinase-immobilized biosensor. Keywords: MWNT ion liquid electrode; glycidyl methacrylate; radiation-induced graft polymerization; phenolics; red wines 1. Introduction A great number of papers on carbon nanotube (CNT)-based sensors have been published over the past several years mainly because CNTs have the following advantages for electrochemical sensor applications: (1) small size with a large surface area,