第三章 遗传信息的保留和传递.pdf

第三章 遗传信息的保留和传递 第一节 中心法则 The central dogma of molecular biology was first enunciated by Francis Crick in 1958 and re-stated in a Nature paper published in 1970. The dogma is a framework for understanding the transfer of sequence information, in the most common or general case, in living organisms. There are 3 ×3 = 9 conceivable direct transfers of information that can occur between these. The dogma classes these into 3 groups of 3: 3 general transfers (believed to occur normally in most cells), 3 special transfers (known to occur, but only under abnormal conditions), and 3 unknown transfers (believed to never occur). General transfers of biological sequential information DNA Replication As the final step in the Central Dogma, to transmit the genetic information between parents and progeny, the DNA must be replicated faithfully. Replication is carried out by a complex group of proteins. Transcription Transcription is the process by which the information contained in a section of DNA is transferred to a newly assembled piece of messenger RNA (mRNA). It is facilitated by RNA polymerase and transcription factors. Translation Translation is the second process of protein biosynthesis (part of the overall process of gene expression). Special transfers of biological sequential Reverse transcription Reverse transcription is the transfer of information from RNA to DNA (the reverse of normal transcription). This is known to occur in the case of retroviruses, such as HIV, and, in higher eukaryotes, in the case of RNA replic