美国残疾人居住及相关服务制度的演变.pdfVIP

/海外札野 美国或疾人居住及相关服务制度的演变 .闰 EZ E摘要】残疾人福利一直是美国社会福利制度最为重要的组成部分，而居住及相关服务制度是 老年和残疾福利和服务体系的核心，是联系福利政策、社会保障项目和具体服务供应模式的桥梁。 美国的残疾人居住服务主要经历了济贫院时期、大型教养院时期、社区居住服务出现后的社区居住 服务与机构化居住服务并行的时期。美国残疾人社区居住服务的发展是残疾人权利运动、去机构化 运动、消费者主义等思想运动的结晶，也是联邦与州政府探索低成本高效率残疾人居住服务模式的 过程，体现出经济社会发展进步的成果。但社区居住服务也深刻影响着人伺对障碍的观点，改变社 区的形态和社会的功能。这一变迁体现出从传统的家庭成员支持或机构化的居住及相关服务模式向 社区居住及相关服务转型是世界各国老年和残疾人福利和服务发展的必然趋势。 E关键词】美国 g 残疾人 g 居住服务;制度变迁 Institutional Evolution of Disability Residential and Related Services System in America YAN Rui [Abstractl The welfare for the disabled has been always one of the most important parts of welfa陀 system in the US. The residential and related service system is the core of the elder and disability welfare and service system. It is also the bridge connecting the welfare policies, social security programs, and concrete service models. The American disability residential and related service system has experienced three periods, namely the poorhouse period, the large institutional period and the community-based service period. Its development has been the result of the disability rights movement, deinstitutionalization movement, consumer rights movement. Its also the result from the cost-efficiency comparison between different residential services models. Meanwhile, the community-based residential service also has an important impact on individual concepts , and has change community status and fun仨tions. The institutional evolution illustrated that the transition from the family 5upport or the institutionalized service models to the community-based service models is the trend of the disability residential and related services system. [Key Words America; The disabled; Residential services , Institutional evolution 引言 居住服务是指在满足一定法定标准的居住设施(主要