【2017年整理】0500与046英汉翻译_讲稿_1002.ppt

Some Basic Translation theories a. The definition of translation b. The nature of translation c. The principle of translation d. The process of translation e. The methods of translationTranslation techniques a. The translation of words b. The translation of sentences c. The translation of passages Definition of translation The Oxford English Dictionary: “to turn from one language into another” “翻译是从一种语言转换成另一种语言” Specifically, 1. Translation is a kind of cross-linguistic, cross- cultural and cross-social communication. 翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际活动。 2. Translation means the conversion of an expression from one language into another. To say it plainly, translation is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by means of a language different from the original… 翻译指的是将词句从一种语言转换成另一种语言。简单地说，它是用与原作不同的语言将作者的真正意思准确地复述出来的一种艺术。 3. “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” （by Nida ） 所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次在文体上。 德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation：Problems Methods一书中说：Translation is not simply a matter of seeking other words with similar meaning, but of finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language. Translating is always meaning-based, i.e. it is the transfer of meaning instead of form from the source language to the target language.（翻译不只是在另一种语言中寻找意义相似的其他词语，而是寻找表达事物的适当方式。翻译始终立足于语义，也就是说，是语义从源语到译语的转换，而不是形式。）??这说明了翻译是语义的翻译，不是语言形式的翻译，是运用另一种语言的适当方式来表达一种语言所表达的内容，而不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言中含义相似的某些词语或结构。翻译必须跳出原文语言层面的束缚，必须着眼于传达原文的内容和意义。??换句话说，翻译的基本单位应该是语篇，而不是词语结构。根据系统功能语言学家的观点，语言的实际使用单位是语篇这样的言语单位，而不是词语结构这样的语法单位。实际使用的语篇有可能是一个句子、一个句段、一个句群，也有可能是一个词语。翻译作为语言交际的一种形式，其实质是用一种语言的语篇材料代替另一种语言与其意义对等的语篇材料。翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容和意义准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 Some terms: source language target language/ receptor language translator original version transla