五风化作用(weathering).pptVIP

第五章 风化作用（weathering）;一、概述;Photo taken in an above-ground cemetery in New Orleans ;被风化的石碑：乾陵武则天的无字碑;华山石刻;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;按风化作用的性质和类型分： 1. 物理（机械）风化作用 地表岩石发生机械破碎而不改变其化学成分，也不形成新矿物的作用。 产物：岩石碎屑、矿物碎屑 按方式（机理）分：;（1） 温度风化 温差导致表层与内部之间的引张力，产生裂缝； 各种矿物的膨胀系数不同； 反复增温，质点热运动削弱质点间的联系； 结果:层层剥落。 ;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;（2）机械风化 空隙中的水结冰膨胀撑裂岩石。 条件: 有水，有裂隙，反复冻融。 高孔隙度的岩石（如砂岩、砾岩）;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Old Man of the Mountain;Exercise 1;Exercise 2;Exercise 3;;（1）溶解作用 含有O2、CO2等物质的水溶解矿物的作用。 矿物的溶解度从大到小: 石盐，石膏，方解石，橄榄石，辉石，角闪石、滑石，钾长石，黑云母，白云母，石英。 产物：离子，胶体，难溶物质。;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;（2）水化作用 矿物吸收水加入到矿物晶格中，形成含水的矿物， 体积膨胀，对周围岩石产生压力，促使岩石破坏。 如: CaSO4 + 2H2O ? CaSO4· 2H2O (硬石膏) (石膏) ;（3）水解作用 矿物遇水离解成离子，形成含OH-的新矿物。 例如: 4K(AlSi3O8) + 6H2O ? Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8 + 8SiO2 + 4KOH (钾长石) (高岭石) ;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.