儿童哲学教案.docVIP

第 周 星期 第 节 年 月 日 课 题 Fair and justice 课时 3学时 教学目的 Make a brief introduction to students about what justice is. 教学重点 What’s the principle of justice. 教学难点 When facing different kinds of situations related to justice, especially ethic dilemmas, what should we do? 课程类型 Discussion、theory 教学方法 Related materials from books and internet 教学过程 及时间分配 主 要 教 学 内 容 The importance of justice Arguments about justice or fairness have a long tradition in Western civilization. In fact, no idea in Western civilization has been more consistently linked to ethics and morality than the idea of justice. From the Republic, written by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, to A Theory of Justice, written by the late Harvard philosopher John Rawls, every major work on ethics has held that justice is part of the central core of morality. Justice means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more traditional terms, giving each person his or her due. Justice and fairness are closely related terms that are often today used interchangeably. Principles of JusticeThe most fundamental principle of justice—one that has been widely accepted since it was first defined by Aristotle more than two thousand years ago—is the principle that equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally. In its contemporary form, this principle is sometimes expressed as follows: Individuals should be treated the same, unless they differ in ways that are relevant to the situation in which they are involved. Different Kinds of JusticeThere are different kinds of justice. Distributive justice refers to the extent to which societys institutions ensure that benefits and burdens are distributed among societys members in ways that are fair and just. When the institutions of a society distribute benefits or burdens in unjust ways, there is a strong presumption that those institutions should be changed. For example, the American institution of slavery in the pre-civil wa