物流专业英语 第四章.ppt

Lead-in What is inventory? Do you think it is important to a company? and why? What problems may a business have if it holds too much/too little stock? Learning objectives To understand the concept of inventory 理解什么是库存 To identify the reasons of holding inventory 找出企业持有库存的原因 To understand the classification of inventory 了解库存的分类 To learn ABC analysis and JIT VMI 了解现代库存的管理方法的基本原理 Key Words Goods/work in process (WIP) 在制品库存,半成品 maintenance/repair/ operating (MRO）维修库存 cycle (or base) stock　经常库存 safety (or buffer) stock　安全库存 in-transit (pipeline) stock　在途库存 speculative stock 投机库存 Dead stock 呆滞存货 Inventory carrying (holding) costs 库存持有成本 Inventory shrinkage 库存收缩 inventory turnover 库存周转 Stock-out　缺货 1. What’s inventory? Inventory refers to stocks of goods. - too much inventory? - too little inventory? Inventory acts as a buffer(缓冲) to satisfy customer needs. 2. Reasons for holding inventory ? Meet demand 满足需求 Read this paragraph and answer: 1.What does “stock-out” mean? When customer’s order cannot be immediately filled from existing inventory. 现有库存无法满足顾客订单的需求。 2.How does “stock-out” affect both customers and the company itself? A case of medicine stock out When a pharmacy (a medical store) temporarily has no medicine on the shelf, it is known as a “stock-out”.? What are the consequences of stock out to patients? The bad effects on patients are grave: They have to travel to other health facilities or private sector which may be far away and often many times more expensive… or They may go without the medicines they need… They may get an alternative, appropriate or not, medicine… They lose confidence in the health facility to meet their needs… What are the consequences of stock out to pharmacy? Customer dissatisfaction.. 客户不满意 Customers turn to competitors… lost of sale 销售机会损失 Losing customer loyalty What has caused the stock-outs in retailers? Inefficiencies at any stage of the supply chain cause stock-outs. Inadequate funds for procurement of medicines 采购环节