第三讲 ARM指令集.pptVIP

第三节 ARM指令集 凌 明 东南大学国家专用集成电路系统工程技术研究中心 trio@ trio@ Why do we need to know the instruction set ARM and Thumb instruction sets were designed to give the best output from compilers Especially the Thumb Instruction set Most design effort for many systems is focussed on compiled code and knowledge of the instruction set is not required But….. Embedded systems require initialisation code and interrupt routines All systems require debugging – possibly at the instruction level Performance gains can be made by writing assembler routines Some features of the ARM architecture are not available with compilers 目录 ARM指令集 汇编语言编程简介 ARM指令集 ARM指令集 所有指令都是32位长 许多指令都是单周期指令 指令可条件执行 LOAD/STORE架构 例 数据处理指令 SUB r0,r1,#5 ADD r2,r3,r3,LSL #2 ANDS r4,r4,#0x20 ADDEQ r5,r5,r6 特定的访问存储器的指令 LDR R0,[R1],#4 STRNEB r2,[r3,r4] LDRSH r5,[r6,#8]! STMFD sp!,{r0,r2-r7,r10} ARM指令的一般编码格式 ARM指令字长为固定的32位。一条典型的ARM指令编码格式如图。 Opcode 指令操作符编码 Cond 指令执行的条件编码 S 决定指令的操作是否影响CPSR的值 Rd 目标寄存器编码 Rn 包含第1个操作数的寄存器编码 Shifter_operand 表示第二个操作数 指令格式opcode{cond}{S} Rd, Rn{,operand2} Conditional Execution and Flags ARM instructions can be made to execute conditionally by post-fixing them with the appropriate condition code This can increase code density and increase performance by reducing the number of forward branches CMP r0, r1 ADDGT r2, r2, #1 ADDLE r3, r3, #1 By default, data processing instructions do not affect the condition flags but this can be achieved by post fixing the instruction (and any condition code) with an “S” loop ADD r2, r2, r3 SUBS r1, r1, #0x01 BNE loop Conditional execution examples 条件码 条件执行 ARM指令可以通过增加条件执行码后缀来条件执行 这样可以增加代码密度，看下面的例子 CMP r3,r0# CMP r3,#0 BEQ skip ADDNE r0,r1,r2 ADD r0,r1,r2 skip 缺省情况下，数据处理指令不影响条件码标志，但是条件码标志可由“S”来设置，CMP不需要加“S” SUBS r1,r1,#1 r1减1并设置标志 BNE loop 如果Z标志清除则跳转 条件执行的例子 使用一系列条件执行的指令 If (a==0) func(1); CMP r0,#0 MOVEQ r0,#1 BLEQ func 设置标志后使用不同的条件码 If (a==0) x=0; If (a0) x=1; CMP r0,#0 MOVEQ r1,#0 MOVGT r1,#