语法-词汇与结构07.ppt

考点4：和条件相关的从属连词 if 主要表示“如果”的含义，引导条件状语从句。可以分别用在真实和虚拟两种情况下。 真实：If you try hard from now on, you will be sure to succeed. 虚拟：If I were you, I would help her without any scruple（犹豫）. unless 其含义是“除非、如果不”，考点主要在于其否定含义在整个句子中的逻辑关系是否正确。例： You will not pass the exam unless you start to try hard from now on. The food is going to spoil unless you put it into the fridge. whether 用以表达“无论、是否”的含义，常和or not连用（口语时可省略）。or not 即可紧连whether， 也可以放在句尾。例： We are sure to go sighting whether or not it rains. （最正式） We are sure to go sighting whether it rains or not. （正式） We are sure to go sighting whether it rains. （口语） provided (ing) that supposed that assumed that on condition that in case that 这些都是引导条件状语的连词，通常置于句首，that后边要接从句成分。其含义是“如果、假设、假如、万一、一旦”等。既可以用于真实语气，也可以用于虚拟语气。例： Supposed that he came late, what should we do with the ceremony? Provided that you give me enough money, I’m sure to do it perfectly. 考点5：与让步有关的从属连词 although / though 词义为“虽然…, 但是”。 1）特别注意：该词中已含有“但是”的含义，所以考点往往是考察和but的冲突。如果句中原来已有but一词，就不能使用该词。句中已有该词，就不能再用but。 2）although 通常用在句首，语气较为正式；though即可用在句首也可以用在句中或句尾（在句尾时是语气比较轻的“不过”）。例： 误：Although she has got very high scores, but she still studies hard for further success. 正：Although he got up very late, he caught the bus. He caught the bus though he got up very late. He got there on time. He got up a little bit late, though. even if (though) 表示“即使、哪怕”的含义。用在句首或句中。既可以用于真实语气，也可以用于虚拟语气。 Even if you gave that sum of money, I wouldn’t do it for you. I won’t go to the party even though they send me the invitation. while 表示“虽然、尽管、即使”的意思。通常用于句首。 特别注意：因本词也已内含转折意义，所以同样不能再用but来构成转折。 While she has been my girl friend for years, I still need to make a deeper understanding of her. While I can catch up with the teacher’s speaking, I can’t understand the meaning of what he said. no matter how 用以表示“不管（是）…”，“无论（是）…”的含义。一般放在句首引导让步从句。 例： No matter how hot it is, they are still working har