语用 speech events.ppt

在此输入文字标题 Speech Events * By 陈睿 Definition In Linguistics A specific type of speech that follows a standard format. In Sociolinguistics One framework for describing context proposed by Dell Hymes in his seminal article‘The ethnography of speaking’(1962). Dell Hymes Dell Hathaway Hymes (born June 7, 1927) a sociolinguist, anthropologist, and folklorist whose work has dealt primarily with languages of the Pacific Northwest. one of the first to call linguistic anthropology instead of anthropological linguistics.“ Offers a comprehensive checklist for the description of what terms ‘speech events’ with his SPEAKING mnemonic. Situation Ends Participants Act sequences Contents This can be a physical setting or an abstract setting. Speaker, hearer, audience, etc.. Some speech events have conventional outcomes” . Can also include individual goals. Message form, message content. Introduction Key Norms Instrumen- -talities Genre Contents Tone, manner or spirit of act. Channel or mode Forms of speech Norms of interpretation. Norms of interaction. Categories such as a joke, lecture, advertisement. Introduction Imperfection Hymes was interested in describing rather formal, often highly ritualized events. It’s not necessarily the case that less formal, rigid or predictable events are well-handled within this framework and casual conversations certainly are not. Reference Hymes，d．1962．the ethnography of speaking．In T．Gladwin，W．C．Structure (eds．)．Anthropology and Human Behavior．Anthropo —logical Society of Washington，Washington，D． C． 何兆雄，新编语用学概要[M]，上海外语教育出版社，2000 Thanks！