Chapter 18 English for Academic Purposes 第十八章 学术用途英语概要1.ppt

English for academic purposes?(EAP) entails training students, usually in a?higher education?setting, to use language appropriately for study. It is one of the most common forms of?English for specific purposes?(ESP). /blog/what-is-eap/ 2. Background Strevens(1977a) A branch of the larger field of English for specific purposes (ESP) a. a move away from an emphasis on the literature and culture of English speakers and towards teaching for practical command of the language. b. a move towards a view that the teaching of the language should be matched to the needs and purposes of the language learner. Genaral English The learner the situation Reading writing formal academic Courses are specific by ____ (1977b) Restricting the language taught to only those skills for the learner’s immediate purposes Selecting from the whole language only those items of vocabulary, grammar patterns, linguistic functions, etc. which are required for the learner’s immediate purposes Including only topics, themes and discourse contexts that are directly relevant to the learner’s immediate language needs Addressing only those communicative needs that relate to the learner’s immediate language needs Needs analysis Fundamental to an EAP approach to course design and teaching If a needs analysis indicates that the study situation is more specific, many of areas of study skills (listening to lectures, seminar skills, academic writing, reading and note-taking, etc.) are still taught, but with particular attention to the language used in the specific disciplinary context identified in the needs analysis. 3. Research Work in needs analysis Weir (1988)：the development of the Association Examing Board’s TEAP West (1994): in geographic and educational contexts Jordan (1997:29): four dimensions of needs those of the target situation of the employer or sponsor of the student of the course designer and/or teacher Target situation