致用英语语法课件.ppt

English Grammar Introduction English grammar is a science which studies the changes of word forms and structures of sentences. About word forms, for example, the gender, number and case of a noun and verb finite forms such as tenses, voices etc . And the study of sentence does a research on clause elements, word order, the classification of sentences and so on . If English is compared to a building , both words and sentences can be compared to two branches in architecture. Sentences can be regarded as the structure of the building, and words can be viewed as building materials. Obviously, words can’t be separated from sentences. Therefore , we shouldn’t talk about one without the other . Grammar and Vocabulary English vocabulary can be divided into 10 categories, which are called Parts of Speech. They are : nouns (n) , pronouns (pron) , numerals (num), adjectives (ad), verbs (v), adverbs (adv), articles (art) ,prepositions (prep), conjunctions (conj) and interjections (interj) . The former six are called notional words because they can function independently as clause elements , and the latter four are called form words. Such parts of speech as articles and so on can’t function independently. If English vocabulary is compared to building materials , these notional words can be regarded as major materials , such as steels , tiles , bricks and so on , and the form words can be viewed as concrete . Of the six notional words , the verb is the most important ,which can be compared to steels in building a house . Without it ,the others can’t be joined together as a whole . e.g. All of you study English hard . You study English hard . Study English hard . Study hard. Grammar and Sentence The sentence is a basic unit which is used to express an idea. A sentence is composed of clause elements and the clause elements are made up of words based on a certain rule ,which