英国文学史课件Chapter_4.ppt

Chapter 4 English Literature of the 17th Century 一.Historical background 1.The period of English Revolution and the Restoration(复辟). 2.With the weakening of the tie between monarchy and bourgeoisie, the clashes between the King and Parliament deepened, resulting in the outburst of the English Revolution(1642-1649), which was led by Oliver Cromwell. Monarchy was abolished, and England was declared a republic. 3.There arose a split（分化） between the Revolutionary Camp, and a compromise（妥协） between the bourgeoisie and feudal remnants during the Glorious Revolution(光荣革命)——Glorious because it was bloodless and there was no revival of the revolutionary demands. And from then on, the state structure of England was settled. 4.the religious cloak of the English Revolution——Puritanism(清教主义). Puritanism is the religious doctrine of the revolutionary bourgeoisie during the English Revolution. It preaches thrift（节俭）, sobriety(严肃), hard work and unceasing labor in whatever calling one happen to, but with no extravagant（奢侈的） enjoyment of the fruits of labor. Worldly pleasures are condemned as harmful. The adherences are called Puritans or Protestants（清教徒）. 二、The Overview of the Literature (1640-1688) 1. The revolution period (1) John Milton and John Bunyan (2) The metaphysical poets（玄学派）and the Cavalier poets.（骑士派） 2. The restoration period. (1) emphasize rationalism（理性主义）. (2) clear and simple prose as an instrument of rational communication. (3) The restoration drama. John Dryden John Milton 1. Life: educated at Cambridge—visiting the continent—involved into the revolution—persecuted（迫害）—writing epics. 2. Literary career. (1) The 1st period was up to 1641, during which time he is to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanists and Elizabethans. L‘Allegre IL 《快乐的人》 Pens eroso 《幽思的人》 Lycidas《利西达斯》, a pastoral elegy on the death of a college mate. (2) The second period is from 1641 to 1654, when the Puritan was in such complete ascendancy（统治） that he wrote almost no poetry. In