跨文化交际Unit 1 An Introduction.ppt

Unit 1 An Introduction Contents Culture Communication Intercultural Communication 1. Define culture from different perspectives “Culture is a complex integrity, which includes knowledge, belief, art, moral, law, custom and other ability and habit which people obtain as the member of the society.” (E.B. Tylor , 1871) “文化或文明，就其广泛的民族学意义来讲，是一复合整体，包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗以及作为一个社会成员的人所习得的其他一切能力和习惯。” 1. Define culture from different perspectives From Anthropologic Perspective Culture is “ everything that people have, think, and do as members of a society.” (Ferraro, 1995) Culture refers to what people have, think and do as members of a society. 1. Define culture from different perspectives From Intellectual Perspective According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary, culture is the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively. 从知性角度定义文化：作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其他表现。 1. Define culture from different perspectives From Psychological Perspective Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another. 从心理学角度定义文化：文化是使一个人类群体成员区别于其他人类群体的思维的总体规划。 Difference in arts 1. Define culture from different perspectives From Intercultural Communication Perspective Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people. 文化是习得的一套关于信仰、价值观念和规范的公认的解释，这些信仰、价值观念和规范对相当大人类群体的行为产生影响。 Religions—Christianity or Buddhism 2. Characteristics of Culture Culture is learned Culture is usually acquired unconsciously Culture is shared among its members 2. Characteristics of Culture Culture manifests itself both implicitly and explicitly Culture is changeable Culture affects behaviors Culture involves beliefs, values and norms. Mecca 3. Subculture A subculture is a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of norms, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society. In a sense, a sub