Effects of Foraging Related Stimuli on OLM (Object Location Memory) and Perceptual Search in the Hunter-Gatherer Theory.pdfVIP

Effects of Foraging Related Stimuli on OLM (Object Location Memory) and Perceptual Search in the Hunter-Gatherer Theory.pdf

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PsychologyResearch,ISSN 2159—5542 March2014,Vo1.4,No.3,157·l67 a L,量 HlN塔 EffectsofForagingRelatedStimulionOLM (ObjectLocation Memory)andPerceptualSearchintheHunter.GathererTheory EspenA.Sjoberg,GeoffG.Cole,LukeT.Cannon UniversityofEssex,Essex,UnitedKingdom Thehunter-gatherertheorysuggeststhatadivisionoflaborexistedinearlyhumansettlementswherebymenwere predominantlyhuntersandwomenwerepredominantly gatherers.Support forthistheoryhascomefrom the observationthatfemalestendtoperform betterontasksconcerningobjectlocationmemory,askillrequiredofr successfulgathering.Wetestedthehunter—gatherertheorythroughtwoexperiments:(1)anOLM (objectlocation memory)taskwheremalesandfemaleswererequiredtoencodenadrecallthelocationsofanimals,rfuit,and neutralstimuli;and(2)aperceptualsearchtaskwheremalesandfemaleswererequiredtosearchofreitherafruit orananimalinanarrayofitems.W ithOLM ,wefoundtheusualfemaleadvantageofrneutralstimuli,butthis differencewasabolishedwithanimalandrfuitstimuli.Theperceptualsearchtaskfoundnosignificantgender differences.Theseresultsthereforeprovideonlypartialsupportofrthehuntergatherertheory. Keywords.evolution,foragingstimuli,hunter-gatherer,sexdifferences,OLM (objectlocationmemory),perceptual search IntrOducti0n Thehunter-gatherertheory(SilvermanEals,1992)proposesanevolutionofcognitivesexdifferences basedonadivisionoflabourinearlyhumansettlements.Thebasictenetofthetheoryisthatmenhuntedfor gameandwomengatherededibleplantsandrfuit,causingselectionpressurestoariseforthedevelopmentof skillsassociatedwitheachsetoftasks.Forinstance,menwouldhavedevelopedskillsrequiredofrnavigating terrainandstalkingprey.Incontrast,womenweremorerestrict

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