化学知识点和学习方法（Chemical knowledge points and learning methods）.docVIP

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化学知识点和学习方法（Chemical knowledge points and learning methods）.doc

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化学知识点和学习方法（Chemical knowledge points and learning methods）

化学知识点和学习方法（Chemical knowledge points and learning methods） Ⅰ, basic idea and basic theory: Avogadros law 1. Contents: under the same temperature, the same volume of gas contains the same number of members. The three is the same. 2. The inference (1) with temperature and pressure, V1 / V2 = n1 / n2 (2) with the same volume, p1 / p2 = n1 / n2 = n1 / n2 (3) when the mass is equal to that of temperature and pressure, V1 / V2 = M2 / M1 (4) and the same volume with the same temperature, M1 / M2 = rho 1 / rho 2 Note: avogadros law applies to mixed gases that are not reflected. The gaseous equation PV = nRT helps to understand the reasoning above. Avogadros solution: Conditions: (1) situation in gas often give under non-standard conditions such as atmospheric pressure, 1.01 x 105 pa, at 25 ℃, etc. State of things: when examining the molar volume of the gas, it is commonly used to confuse the examinees with the non-gaseous objects in standard conditions, such as H2O, SO3, hexane, octane and CHCl3. (3) things layout and crystal layout: to investigate the amount of necessary things things contains many particles (part, atoms, electrons, protons and neutrons, etc.), often involving mothballed gas He, Ne for single atoms and colloidal particles, such as Cl 2, N 2 O 2, H2 for diatomic part, etc. Crystal layout: P4, diamond, graphite, silica and other layout. 2. The coexistence of ions 1. Due to the complex decomposition reaction, ions cannot coexist in large quantities. (1) gas incubation occurs. The acid roots of weak acids, such as CO32 -, SO32 -, S2 -, HCO3 -, HSO3 -, HS -, etc., cannot co-exist in large quantities. (2) precipitation generation. Such as Ba2 +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Ag + and so on cannot coexist with SO42 -, CO32 - and so on. Mg2 +, Fe2 +, Ag +, Al3 +, Zn2 +, Cu2 +, Fe3 +, etc., cant live with the OH - much; Pb2 + and Cl -, Fe2 + and S2 -, Ca2 + and PO43 -, Ag + and I - cannot coexist in large quantities. (3) weak electrolyte generation. If OH -, CH3COO -, PO43 -, HPO4