掌握“五变化”突破两引语.docVIP

掌握“五变化”突破两引语直接引语，就是直接引用某人所说的话，加引号表示；间接引语，就是转述他人的话语，不加引号。例如： ①He said，“I am a student．”(直接引语) ②He said that he was a student．(间接引语) 直接引语和间接引语之间的转化是现行教材中的重点，也是同学们学习时的难点。如果同学们掌握了将直接引语转变为间接引语的“五变”规则，那么突破这个难点就很轻松了。 一、连接词的变化 ③She said．“I arn very happy tohelp you．”→She said (that)she wasvery happy to help you． ④“Do you like playing fiotball?”he asked．→He asked if／whether I likedplaying football． ⑤My sister asked me．“How do youlike the film?”→My sister asked mehow I liked the film． 在以上句子中，直接引语变间接引语时若直接引语为陈述句，连接词用that，且可以省略，如③；若直接引讲为一般疑问句，连接词用if／whether，且不可以省略，如④；若直接引语为特殊疑问句，连接词用相应的疑问词(常见的有where，when，who，which．what和how等)，且不可以省略，如⑤。值得注意的是直接引语变间接引语后必须是陈述句语序。 二、人称的变化 在例③、④、⑤中，我们会发现明显的人称变化，其原则就是使改写后的句子在逻辑意义上通顺。 三、时态的变化 例③、④、⑤中，变为间接引语后直接引语部分的时态分别作了降格处理，即往前推一个时态，一般现在时变成了一般过去时。但应注意，若直接引语中叙述的是科学真理、客观事实、格言等，变为间接引语时，时态无须变化。例如： ⑥The teacher said，“Light travelsmuch faster than sound．”→The teachersaid light travels much faster than sound． 四、动词的变化 ⑦He said to me，“Im sixteen yearsold．”→He told me he was sixteen yearsold． ⑧“Dont make any noise，”theteacher said t0 the students．→Theteacher asked the students not／never tomake any noise． 直接引语部分是祈使句，变为间接引语时，其主句谓语动词said to可变为asked、told等动词，如例⑦；如直接引语是否定祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将原句中的dont改为not，如例⑧。另外，如直接引语部分的谓语动词是come，在变为间接引语时要改为go。例如： ⑨Mr．Lu said，“Ill come here ontime．”→Mr．Lu said he would go thereon time． 五、状语的变化 ⑩“What did you come here foryesterday?”the boss said to the youngman．→The boss asked the young manwhat he had gone there for the daybetore． 直接引语变为间接引语时，时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：now→then，today→that day，yesterday→the day before，last year→the year before，ago→before，here→there等。 另外要注意的是，指示代词也应作相应的变化，如：this→that，these→those等。 以上讲解你都掌握了吗?你能把以下直接引语变为间接引语吗? 1．They told their son．“The earthgoes around the sun．” They told their son____________. 2．He said．“I havent seen hertoday．” He said__________. 3．He asked Simon．“Where did yougo?” He asked Simon__________. 4．She said to me．