仪表飞行员地面课程Lesson 11.ppt

Plan View: (cont.) Profile View: Shows approach in the vertical plane complete with flight path, minimum altitudes, step downs, missed approach procedure, limitations on course reversal, and TCH. Profile View: (cont.) Step down fix vs. visual decent point (VDP) Step down allows descent to lower altitude or MDA VDP allows descent to runway for nonprecision approaches under special circumstances. (straight-in landing, visibility requirements) Profile View: (cont.) Example of Visual Descent Point (VDP) Example of a Stepdown fix Airport Sketch: Displays runway layout, runway dimensions, airport lighting information, and orientation information for transition from approach to landing. In addition, airport elevation and touchdown zone elevations (TDZE) are given. Landing Minimums: Minimums are based on aircraft categories. Aircraft categories are based on 1.3 Vso. Published minimums will depend on type of approach and runways used. DA vs. MDA, HAT vs. HAA, RVV vs. RVR, Straight-in vs. Circling Landing Minimums: Special Notes: A: Nonstandard Alternate Minimums T: Nonstandard Takeoff Minimums/Textual DP * Example here for no IASegment * Example here! * Example here !!! Sierra Academy of Aeronautics IR Ground Lesson 11 TERPS (Terminal Instrument Approach Procedures): Guidelines for establishing safe procedures to descend from the enroute segment and altitudes to a relatively low altitude near a runway at your destination Two general types of published instrument approaches: Precision: ILS, MLS, PAR, and GPS(?) Nonprecision: VOR, NDB, Localizer, ASR, and GPS Precision Nonprecision Segments of an instrument approach procedure (IAP): Initial Intermediate Final Missed Approach Segments of an instrument approach procedure (IAP): Feeder (or transition) Routes: Not an approach segment but provides a link between the enroute and approach structures. When shown, provides the course to be flown with published distance and minimum altitude. Feeder (or transition) Routes: Initial app