雷达原理（Radar principle）.doc

雷达原理（Radar principle） The working principle of radar Radar (radar) was originally called radio detection and location. The basic task of radar is to detect the target of interest, and to measure the parameters such as the distance, the square and the velocity of the target. Radar consists mainly of antennas, transmitters, receivers (including signal processors) and displays. The radar transmitter generates enough electromagnetic energy to transmit to the antenna via a transceiver switch. The antenna radiates these electromagnetic energy into the atmosphere and focuses on a narrow direction to form a beam that propagates forward. When the electromagnetic wave meets the target in the beam, it will reflect along each direction, and part of the electromagnetic energy will be reflected back to the radar, which will be acquired by the radar antenna. The energy acquired by the antenna is transmitted to the receiver via a transceiver switch to form a radar echo signal. Because the electromagnetic wave will decay as the propagation distance, the radar echo signal is very weak and almost drowned by noise. The receiver amplifies the weak echo signal, which is processed by the signal processor, extracts the information contained in the echo and sends it to the display to show the distance, direction and speed of the target. In order to determine the target distance, accurate measurement of radar electromagnetic wave emission from time to time to receive the echo delay time, the delay time is the electromagnetic wave from the transmitter to the target, then by the goal back propagation time of radar receiver. According to the propagation speed of electromagnetic wave, the distance of the target can be determined as follows: S=CT/2 S is the target range, and T is the time when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted from radar to the target echo, and C is the speed of light Radar determines the direction of the target by using the directivity of the antenna. By combining mechanic