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biliary innate immunity function and modulation胆道先天免疫功能和调制
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Mediators of Inflammation
Volume 2010, Article ID 373878, 9 pages
doi:10.1155/2010/373878
Review Article
Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation
Kenichi Harada and Yasuni Nakanuma
Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
Correspondence should be addressed to Kenichi Harada, kenichih@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
Received 3 December 2009; Accepted 22 June 2010
Academic Editor: Andrew Parker
Copyright © 2010 K. Harada and Y. Nakanuma. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Biliary innate immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
and biliary atresia. Biliary epithelial cells possess an innate immune system consisting of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family
and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Tolerance to bacterial PAMPs such as lipopolysaccharides is also
important to maintain homeostasis in the biliary tree, but tolerance to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is not found. In PBC, CD4-
positive Th17 cells characterized by the secretion of IL-17 are implicated in the chronic inflammation of bile ducts and the presence
of Th17 cells around bile ducts is causally associated with the biliary innate immune responses to PAMPs. Moreover, a negative
regulator of intracellular TLR signaling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), is involved in the pathogenesis of
cholangitis. Immunosuppression using PPARγ ligands may help to attenuate the bile duct damage in PBC patients. In biliar
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