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characterization and classification of groundwater from wells using an electronic tongue (kairouan, tunisia)描述和分类井的地下水使用电子舌(斯特,突尼斯).pdf

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characterization and classification of groundwater from wells using an electronic tongue (kairouan, tunisia)描述和分类井的地下水使用电子舌(斯特,突尼斯)

Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2011, 3, 531-539 doi:10.4236/jwarp.2011.37063 Published Online July 2011 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jwarp) Characterization and Classification of Groundwater from Wells Using an Electronic Tongue (Kairouan, Tunisia) 1 1* 1 2 Khawla Sghaier , Houcine Barhoumi , Abderrazak Maaref , Maryam Siadat , Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault3 1 Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia 2Laboratory of Interfaces , Sensors and Microelectronics, University of Metz, Metz, France 3Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, University of Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France E-mail : Houcine.Barhoumi@fsm.rnu.tn Received January 17, 2011; revised April 12, 2011; accepted May 22, 2011 Abstract A sensor array comprising 9 potentiometric chemical sensors and some pattern recognition tools for the data processing has been applied in order to characterize the groundwater in the plain of Kairouan Region (Tuni- sia). A total of 17 groundwater samples were collected from three different villages and analyzed for their chemical components. Nine chemical parameters were determined: Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Ammo- nium, Cadmium, Chlorides, Nitrates, Fluoride and pH. Multi-sensor responses measured in each water sam- ple were diagnosed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). PCA is a procedure for reducing data redundancy. CA is used to detect spatial similarity among sampling sites. This methodol- ogy is simple, rapid and the obtained results de