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Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2011, 1, 17-22 OJMIP doi:10.4236/ojmip.2011.12003 Published Online August 2011 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ojmip/). Direction without speed information process in the human brain: a magnetoencephalographic study using random dots apparent motion stimulus Sachiko Oka1,2, Tomokazu Urakawa1,2, Ryusuke Kakigi1,2, Yoshiki Kaneoke1,2* 1Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Japan; 2Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. * Email: kaneoke@wakayama-med.ac.jp Received 23 May 2011; revised 10 June 2011; accepted 20 June 2011. ABSTRACT the objects do not move but change their positions dis- continuously. The neural process underlying such ap- Apparent motion stimulus induces visual perception parent motion perception must be different from that for of smooth motion even though there is no speed in- the real motions, because human brains create vivid im- formation. We examined whether human brain re- ages of the path of the apparent motion that do not exist sponse as measured by magnetoencephalography car- and cannot not be seen [1-3]. Further, apparent motion ries direction information in the visually presented stimulus is inherently ambiguous; subtle changes in the apparent motion of a random-dot pattern in a similar