-directed inverse systems of continuous images of arcs直接逆系统的连续图像的弧线.pdfVIP

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-directed inverse systems of continuous images of arcs直接逆系统的连续图像的弧线.pdf

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-directed inverse systems of continuous images of arcs直接逆系统的连续图像的弧线

Internat. J. Math. Math. Sci. Vol. 24, No. 2 (2000) 109–119 S016117120000363X ©Hindawi Publishing Corp. ℵ -DIRECTED INVERSE SYSTEMS OF CONTINUOUS 1 IMAGES OF ARCS ˇ IVAN LONCAR (Received 8 July 1999) Abstract. The main purpose of this paper is to prove that if X = {Xa ,pab ,A} is a usual ℵ1- directed inverse system of continuous images of arcs with monotone bonding mappings, then X = lim X is a continuous image of an arc (Theorem 2.4). Some applications of this statement are also given. Keywords and phrases. Approximate inverse systems, continuous image of an arc. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classiﬁcation. Primary 54B35; Secondary 54D30, 54F15. 1. Introduction. By an approximate inverse system in this paper we will mean ´ an approximate inverse system in the sense of Mardešic [11]. See the appendix, Deﬁnition 5.1. An arc is a continuum with precisely two nonseparating points. A space X is said to be a continuous image of an arc if there exists an arc L and a continuous surjection f : L → X . Inverse sequence of continuous images of arcs with monotone bonding mappings was studied in [16], where was proved that the limit of a usual inverse sequence of continuous images of arcs and monotone bonding mappings is the continuous image of an arc. The well-ordered and σ -directed usual inverse system of continuous images of arcs with monotone bonding mappings were studied in [7]. In this paper, we shall study the ℵ1-directed inverse systems of continuous im- ages of arcs. The main theorem of this paper states that if X = {Xa ,pab ,A} is a