测控技术与仪器专业英语课后阅读翻译(1,5~10).docVIP

第1章课后 Underwater Acoustic SignalIn the operation of a sonar system the operator is repeatedly faced with the problem of detecting a signal which is obscured by noise. This signal may be an echo resulting from a transmitted signal over which the operator has some control, or it may have its origin in some external source. These two modes of operation arise in radar surveillance and in disciplines for techniques and for illustrations of the basic principles.Since there are many ways in which one can think about signal detection , it is desirable to define a term to denote special cases . The word detection will be used when the question to be answered is, ‘Are one or more signals present?’ when the system is designed to provide an answered to this question , either deterministic or probabilistic, one speaks of hypothesis testing. The case of a single signal occurs so often that many system are designed to provide only two answers, ‘Yes , a signal is present,’ or ‘No, there is no signal.’ One can make the problem more complicated by endeavoring to classify the signal into categories. Decisions of this latter kind will be referred to as target classification.Normally a piece of detection equipment is designed to operate in a fixed mode and the parameters such as integrating time of rectifier circuits or persistence of the oscilloscope tube for visual detection cannot be changed readily. There will always be some uncertain signals, which the observer will be hesitant to reject or accept. In these cases the operator might have the feeling that if the integrating time of the detector or the persistence of the oscilloscope tube were longer, he could reach a decision about the existence of the signal. Wald(1950) has formulated this intuitive feeling into a theory of detection. When one is able to vary deliberately the interval over which one stores data in the reception system in order to achieve a certain level of certainty, one speaks of sequential detection.Frequen