150AY75输油泵设计-翻译原文.docVIP

Pumps operating in systems This chapter explains how pumps operate in a system and how they can be regulated. The chapter also explains the energy index for small circulation pumps. A pump is always connected to a system where it must circulate or lift fluid. The energy added to the fluid by the pump is partly lost as friction in the pipe system or used to increase the head. Implementing a pump into a system results in a common operating point. If several pumps are combined in the same application, the pump curve for the system can be found by adding up the pumps’ curves either serial or parallel. Regulated pumps adjust to the system by changing the rotational speed. The regulation of speed is especially used in heating systems where the need for heat depends on the ambient temperature, and in water supply systems where the demand for water varies with the consumer openingand closing the tap. 1 Single pump in a system A system characteristic is described by a parabola due to ancrease in friction loss related to the flow squared. The system characteristic is described by a steep parabola if the resistance in the system is high. The parabola flattens when the resistance decreases. Changing the settings of the valves in the system changes the characteristics. The operating point is found where the curve of the pump and the system characteristic intersect In closed systems, see figure 3.1, there is no head when the system is not operationg. In this case the system characteristic goes through (Q,H) = (0,0) as shown in figure 3.2 In systems where water is to be moved from one level to another, see figure 3.3, there is a constant pressure difference between the two reservoirs, corresponding to the height difference. This causes an additional head which the pump must overcome. In this case the system characteristics goes through (0,Hz) instead of (0,0), see figure 3.4 2 Pumps operated in parallel In systems with large variations in flow and a request for constant pres