阿瑟·密勒戏剧的犹太写作-外国文学研究.pdf

阿瑟·密勒戏剧的犹太写作 吾文泉 内容摘要：本文从犹太道德观、灾难意识和流散情结等方面分析蕴含在密勒戏剧创作中的 犹太特征。密勒早期剧作如《推销员之死》在批评商业社会和美国梦的欺骗性等貌似普世 性的主题背后，隐含着强烈的犹太民族意识，即意第绪语文化、道德操守和商业意识等犹 太传统母题。随着上世纪中叶美国民主运动的掀起和各少数族裔意识的增强，密勒也和其 他少数族裔作家一样表现出强烈的民族意识和身份认同感，其中后期作品如《堕落之后》、 《维希事件》和《为了生存而演奏》等开始直面犹太民族的灾难意识，而还有不少戏剧如《美 国时钟》和《砸抢之夜》等则充分传达出犹太人散居异国他乡的创伤情结。 关键词：阿瑟 ·密勒 美国犹太裔戏剧 道德伦理 迫害 流散 作者简介：吾文泉，南通大学外国语学院教授，博士，主要从事英美戏剧研究。本文系作 者主持的 2008 年江苏省哲学社会科学“十一五”规划课题“多元文化语境下的当代美国 戏剧研究”【项目批号：08WWB001 】的阶段性成果。 Title: On the Jewish Writing in Arthur Miller’s Drama Abstract: This paper analyzes the Jewish characteristics such as Jewish morality, holocaust awareness and diasporic complex in Arthur Miller’s plays. In his early plays such as Death of a Salesman, Miller harshly criticizes the deception of commercial society and the American dream. However, underneath these common themes, there lie a series of traditional Jewish motifs of Yiddish culture, moral codes and commerce awareness. With the development of American democratic movement and the reenforcement of ethnic identity, Miller manifests a strong sense of ethnic awareness and identity. His later plays such as After the Fall , Incidents at Vichy and Playing for Time begin to express directly his empthy for the victims of holocaust. Other plays like The American Clock and The Broken Glass expound a sense of traumatic complex deriving from the Jewish diasporic dwelling to exotic places. Key words: Arthur Miller Jewish American drama ethics persecution Diaspora Author: Wu Wenquan is professor and Ph.D. at the School of Foreign Studies, Nantong University (Nantong 226019, China). His research mainly focuses on British and American drama. Email: ntwwq@ntu.edu.cn 在长期流散和寄人篱下的境况中，客居世界各地的犹太人体现了本民族固有的道德考 量、惨烈的历史记忆和创伤的流散意识，表现出坚韧的生存能力、民族凝聚力和文化认同 感。虽然不少美国犹太人已经皈依基督教，但是在美国仍然有许多犹太人保持着鲜明而独 吾文泉：阿瑟•密勒戏剧的犹太写作 67 特的犹太认同感和民族特征，在文学创作中表现出较为统一而独特的犹太文化特质：强烈 的道德意识、严重的种族迫害和持久的创伤记忆。与所有其他美国少数族裔作家一样，犹 太裔作家的族裔