西方经济学概论 名词解释 考试题（Interpretation of examination questions in the introduction of Western Economics）.docVIP

西方经济学概论 名词解释 考试题（Interpretation of examination questions in the introduction of Western Economics） 1. scarcity in economics, not how many items or resources in absolute quantity, but relative to the infinity of human desire, so many goods and resources is insufficient, and scarcity is relative. 2. opportunity cost: the opportunity cost of producing a unit of a commodity is the highest income that the producer has given up in the use of the same elements of production in other productive uses. 3. production possibility line: it is a curve showing the largest combination of the two products that can be reached by society under the established conditions 4. Micro Economics: refers to the whole economic system in families and firms behaviors and their relationship as the research object, investigate the single product or input market price formation, and thus the social subject how to solve the problem of resource allocation. 5. macroeconomics is the discipline that examines the overall performance of the whole economy as a whole and how the total amount of social resources is determined. 6. empirical method: 7. standard method: 8. price elasticity: the price elasticity of demand: the degree to which a change in the demand for a commodity changes the price of a commodity over a given period. Or, the percentage change in the quantity demanded by one percent when the said price changes in a certain period of a commodity when the. 9.GDP: refers to the total market value of all the final products and services produced by a country (or region) within one year of its territory. 10.GNP: gross national product (GNP) is the most important macroeconomic indicators, it refers to a country national economy in a certain period of time (usually 1 years) to all the currencies of the final product (including goods and services) the sum of value. 11. Marginal utility: marginal utility (MU): the increment of utility quantity added by a consumer for a certain period of time. 12. The law o