comparative genomics of natural killer cell receptor gene clusters比较基因组学的自然杀伤细胞受体基因集群.pdfVIP

Review Comparative Genomics of Natural Killer Cell Receptor Gene Clusters James Kelley, Lutz Walter, John Trowsdale* ABSTRACT interrupting intracellular activation signals when MHC class I molecules are correctly expressed [6]. Activating receptors, any receptors on natural killer (NK) cells recognize some of which bind ligands other than MHC class I molecules, Mmajor histocompatibility complex class I molecules trigger NK responses to cells with viral, bacterial, or parasitic in order to monitor unhealthy tissues, such as cells infections or to some tumor cells with downregulated MHC infected with viruses, and some tumors. Genes encoding class I molecules [7]. The effector function of each receptor families of NK receptors and related sequences are organized molecule is determined by the sequence of its into two main clusters in humans: the natural killer complex transmembrane region and cytoplasmic tail [8]. Generally, on Chromosome 12p13.1, which encodes C-type lectin inhibitory receptors possess an immunoreceptor tyrosine- molecules, and the leukocyte receptor complex on based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in their cytoplasmic tails [6], Chromosome 19q13.4, which encodes immunoglobulin which decreases activation [9]. Upon stimulation, the ITIM superfamily molecules. The composition of these gene becomes tyrosine phosphorylated and associates with clusters differs markedly between closely related species, intracellular phosphatases such as Src homology 2 (SH2) providing evidence for rapid, lineage-specific expansions or