elevated pontine and putamenal gaba levels in mild-moderate parkinson disease detected by 7 tesla proton mrs桥的升高和putamenal gaba水平在轻中度帕金森病检测到7特斯拉夫人质子.pdfVIP

Elevated Pontine and Putamenal GABA Levels in Mild- Moderate Parkinson Disease Detected by 7 Tesla Proton MRS 1 2 ¨ ¨ 1 Uzay E. Emir *, Paul J. Tuite , Gulin Oz 1 Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, 2 Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America Abstract Background: Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. However, postmortem evidence indicates that the pathology of lower brainstem regions, such as the pons and medulla, precedes nigral involvement. Consistently, pontomedullary damage was implicated by structural and PET imaging in early PD. Neurochemical correlates of this early pathological involvement in PD are unknown. Methodology/Principal Finding: To map biochemical alterations in the brains of individuals with mild-moderate PD we quantified neurochemical profiles of the pons, putamen and substantia nigra by 7 tesla (T) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thirteen individuals with idiopathic PD (Hoehn Yahr stage 2) and 12 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers participated in the study. c-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in the pons and putamen were significantly higher in patients (N = 11, off medications) than controls (N = 11, p,0.001 for pons and p,0.05 for putamen). The GABA elevation was more pronounced in the pons (64%) than in the putamen (32%). No other neurochemical differences were observed between patients and controls. Conclusion/Significance: The GABA elevation in the putamen is consistent with prior postmortem findings in patients with PD, as well as w