genotyping of human lice suggests multiple emergences of body lice from local head louse populations基因分型的人类虱子表明身体的多个事虱子从当地虱种群.pdfVIP

Genotyping of Human Lice Suggests Multiple Emergences of Body Lice from Local Head Louse Populations 1¤ 1 1 1 2 Wenjun Li , Gabriel Ortiz , Pierre-Edouard Fournier , Gregory Gimenez , David L. Reed , Barry 3 1 Pittendrigh , Didier Raoult * ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ 1 URMITE, UMR CNRS 6236, IRD 198, Universite de la Mediterranee, Faculte de Medecine, Marseille, France, 2 Florida Museum of Natural History, Dickinson Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, 3 Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America Abstract Background: Genetic analyses of human lice have shown that the current taxonomic classification of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) and body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus) does not reflect their phylogenetic organization. Three phylotypes of head lice A, B and C exist but body lice have been observed only in phylotype A. Head and body lice have different behaviours and only the latter have been involved in outbreaks of infectious diseases including epidemic typhus, trench fever and louse borne recurrent fever. Recent studies suggest that body lice arose several times from head louse populations. Methods and Findings: By introducing a new genotyping technique, sequencing variable intergenic spacers which were selected from louse genomic sequence, we were able to evaluate the genotypic distribution of 207 human lice. Sequence variation of two intergenic spacers, S2 and S5, discriminated the 207 lice into 148 genotypes and sequence variation of another two intergenic spacers, PM1 and PM2, discriminated 174