绝对精华语法分词不定式word详解版.docVIP

Grammar and usage Teaching aims: (1) To help the students review and master the usage of v-ing and v-ed forms functioning as adjectives and adverbs. (2) To help the students to learn the usage of the passive, perfect and negative forms of v-ing and v-ed forms (3) To enable the students to know the differences between participles and gerunds and the infinitives. Teaching important points difficult points: (1) Differences between verb-ing and verb-ed forms. (2) Differences between “doing” and “having done”. (3) Differences between “doing” and “to do”. Teaching procedure: Step 1 Lead-in Warming up: Step 2 Usage of v-ing and v-ed forms functioning as adjectives and adverbs. As adjectives: v-ing形式 1. 单个的-ing形式可以作前置定语，表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题 2 作定语的-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。 The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去 They lived in a house facing south.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 3?某些情况下，定语不能用-ing形式，必须用定语从句。 ① 作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.② v-ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soo【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. v-ed形式 1. 单个动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。All the broken doors and windows have been repaired.所有的坏门窗都修好了。 When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.　我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。提　示如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。　Money spent is more than money earned入不敷出。 带有修饰语或其他成分的-ed形式一般都作后置定语，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。We have read many novels written by this author. (= that are written by this author) 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。 Half