Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal （肌肉骨骼的结构和功能）.pdfVIP

© Professor Alan Hedge, Cornell University, August 2013 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Professor Alan Hedge DEA 3250/6510 Functions of the Musculoskeletal System Support and protect the body and its organs. Provide motion. Musculoskeletal System: Major substructures Tendons. Ligaments. Fascia. Cartilage. Bone. Muscle. Joints - allow motion between body segments. Connective Tissues Cells. Extracellular matrix: Fibers: Collagen Elastin Ground substance. Connective Tissue Cells Fibroblasts - cells producing the matrix for skin, tendons and ligaments. Chrondrocytes - cells producing the matrix for cartilage. Osteocytes - cells producing the matrix for bone. 1 © Professor Alan Hedge, Cornell University, August 2013 Connective Tissue Matrix Collagen fibers: Type I - tendons, ligaments, bone, skin. Type II - cartilage. Type III - blood vessel walls. Mechanical properties depend on fiber types and fiber arrangements. Tendons Ligaments Fascia Mechanical Properties of Fibers Stress - force on a fiber e.g. weight. Strain - % stretching of fibers. Elastic limit - point at which the elasticity of the fiber is lost. Failure - point at which the fiber breaks. Collagen Collagen molecule - a triple helix of three extended protein chains wrapped around one another. Numerous rodlike collagen molecules cross-link together to form unextendable collagen fibrils. Collagen fibrils are striped because of the regular repeating arrangement of the collagen molecules within the fibril. Collagen fibers Strength of collagen is 50