action duality a constructive principle for quantum foundations行动二元量子基础建设性的原则.pdfVIP

Symmetry 2011, 3, 524-540; doi:10.3390/sym3030524 OPEN ACCESS symmetry ISSN 2073-8994 /journal/symmetry Article Action Duality: A Constructive Principle for Quantum Foundations Ken B. Wharton , David J. Miller and Huw Price ´ ´ Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA Centre for Time, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: davmille@.au (D.J.M.); huw.price@.au (H.P.) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: wharton@; Tel.: 1-408-924-5257; Fax: 1-408-924-2917. Received: 6 July 2011 / Accepted: 17 July 2011 / Published: 27 July 2011 Abstract: An analysis of the path integral approach to quantum theory motivates the hypothesis that two experiments with the same classical action should have dual ontological descriptions. If correct, this hypothesis would not only constrain realistic interpretations of quantum theory, but would also act as a constructive principle, allowing any realistic model of one experiment to generate a corresponding model for its action-dual. Two pairs of action-dual experiments are presented, including one experiment that violates the Bell inequality and yet is action-dual to a single particle. The implications generally support retrodictive and retrocausal interpretations. Keywords: quantum foundations; path integral; time symmetry; entanglement; sum over histories;