risk of violent crime in individuals with epilepsy and traumatic brain injury a 35-year swedish population study暴力犯罪的风险患有癫痫症和创伤性脑损伤35年瑞典人口研究.pdfVIP

Risk of Violent Crime in Individuals with Epilepsy and Traumatic Brain Injury: A 35-Year Swedish Population Study 1,2 3 2,3,4 ˚ ¨ 2,3,4 Seena Fazel *, Paul Lichtenstein , Martin Grann , Niklas Langstrom 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2 Centre for Violence Prevention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, ¨ 3 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, 4 Swedish Prison and Probation Service, Norrkoping, Sweden Abstract Background: Epilepsy and traumatic brain injury are common neurological conditions, with general population prevalence estimates around 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively. Although both illnesses are associated with various adverse outcomes, and expert opinion has suggested increased criminality, links with violent behaviour remain uncertain. Methods and Findings: We combined Swedish population registers from 1973 to 2009, and examined associations of epilepsy (n = 22,947) and traumatic brain injury (n = 22,914) with subsequent violent crime (defined as convictions for homicide, assault, robbery, arson, any sexual offense, or illegal threats or intimidation). Each case was age and gender matched with ten general population controls, and analysed using conditional logistic regression with adjustment for socio- demographic factors. In addition, we compared cases with unaffected siblings. Among the traumatic brain injury