severe exercise and exercise training exert opposite effects on human neutrophil apoptosis via altering the redox status严重的锻炼和运动训练对人类嗜中性粒细胞凋亡起到相反作用通过改变氧化还原状态.pdfVIP

Severe Exercise and Exercise Training Exert Opposite Effects on Human Neutrophil Apoptosis via Altering the Redox Status 1 1,2 1,2 Guan-Da Syu , Hsiun-ing Chen , Chauying J. Jen * 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, 2 Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan Abstract Neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis, a process crucial for immune regulation, is mainly controlled by alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria integrity. Exercise has been proposed to be a physiological way to modulate immunity; while acute severe exercise (ASE) usually impedes immunity, chronic moderate exercise (CME) improves it. This study aimed to investigate whether and how ASE and CME oppositely regulate human neutrophil apoptosis. Thirteen sedentary young males underwent an initial ASE and were subsequently divided into exercise and control groups. The exercise group (n = 8) underwent 2 months of CME followed by 2 months of detraining. Additional ASE paradigms were performed at the end of each month. Neutrophils were isolated from blood specimens drawn at rest and immediately after each ASE for assaying neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis (annexin-V binding on the outer surface) along with redox-related parameters and mitochondria-related parameters. Our results showed that i) the initial ASE immediately increased the oxidative stress (cytosolic ROS and glutathione oxidation), and sequentially accelerated the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, the surface binding of annexin-V, and the generation of mitochondrial ROS; ii) CME upregulated glutathione level, retard