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how hiv-1 takes advantage of the cytoskeleton during replication and cell-to-cell transmissionhiv - 1如何利用在复制过程中细胞骨架和细胞间传播.pdf

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how hiv-1 takes advantage of the cytoskeleton during replication and cell-to-cell transmissionhiv - 1如何利用在复制过程中细胞骨架和细胞间传播

Viruses 2011, 3, 1757-1776; doi:10.3390/v3091757 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review How HIV-1 Takes Advantage of the Cytoskeleton during Replication and Cell-to-Cell Transmission Martin Lehmann 1,2, Damjan S. Nikolic 1,2 and Vincent Piguet 1,2,3,* 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; E-Mails: martin.lehmann@unige.ch (M.L.); damjan.nikolic@hcuge.ch (D.S.N) 2 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland 3 Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing, Cardiff University School of Medicine and University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, CF144XN, UK * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: piguetv@cardiff.ac.uk; Tel.: +44-(0)-29-20-744721; Fax: +44-(0)-29-20-744312. Received: 8 July 2011; in revised form: 26 August 2011 / Accepted: 30 August 2011 / Published: 15 September 2011 Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infects T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells and can manipulate their cytoskeleton structures at multiple steps during its replication cycle. Based on pharmacological and genetic targeting of cytoskeleton modulators, new imaging approaches and primary cell culture models, important roles for actin and microtubules during entry and cell-to-cell transfer have been established. Virological synapses and actin-containing membrane extens