near-infrared fluorescent materials for sensing of biological targets近红外荧光传感材料的生物指标.pdfVIP

Sensors 2008, 8, 3082-3105; DOI: 10.3390/s8053082 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /sensors Review Near-Infrared Fluorescent Materials for Sensing of Biological Targets Carrie L. Amiot 1, Shuping Xu 1, Song Liang 1, Lingyun Pan 2 and Julia Xiaojun Zhao 1,* 1 Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA 2 Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, 130031 China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: jzhao@ Received: 25 March 2008 / Accepted: 23 April 2008 / Published: 8 May 2008 Abstract: Near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) materials are promising labeling reagents for sensitive determination and imaging of biological targets. In the near-infrared region biological samples have low background fluorescence signals, providing high signal to noise ratio. Meanwhile, near-infrared radiation can penetrate into sample matrices deeply due to low light scattering. Thus, in vivo and in vitro imaging of biological samples can be achieved by employing the NIRF probes. To take full advantage of NIRF materials in the biological and biomedical field, one of the key issues is to develop intense and biocompatible NIRF probes. In this review, a number of NIRF materials are discussed including traditional NIRF dye molecules, newly developed NIRF quantum dots and single-walled carbon nanotub